"From Confusion to Clarity"

Justice Through Clarity

Advocacy for Reinforcing the Mugshot System in Nigeria’s Criminal Justice Framework

"A call for proper criminal identification and justice reform in Nigeria."

Advocacy for Reinforcing the Mugshot System in Nigeria’s Criminal Justice Framework

The Nigerian criminal justice system has, for too long, operated without an adequate mechanism to prevent injustices arising from record-keeping deficiencies. Innocent individuals have been arrested, paraded, and even imprisoned for crimes they did not commit. This injustice thrives due to the lack of proper identification and record systems, which unscrupulous elements in law enforcement exploit for personal gain.

The Problem: A Broken System

Innocent citizens are swapped for criminals, especially when offenders are wealthy or influential enough to buy their way out of justice.
Many of these individuals are unjustly punished due to a lack of accurate photographic and biometric records linking suspects to their alleged crimes.
Some victims of this system have spent decades in prison without compensation, while others have tragically lost their lives for crimes they never committed.

Imagine being falsely accused, your child, or loved one being used as a scapegoat for someone else’s crime. How would you feel knowing that the real culprit walks free because the system lacks basic mechanisms for accountability?

What Is a Mugshot?

A mugshot is a photographic portrait of an individual taken after an arrest. Typically, it includes two views (front and side), along with additional identifying information such as height, name, and a unique booking ID. This photograph is linked to a database with other identifiers like fingerprints and records of tattoos.

Mugshots are essential because:

Identification: They provide a visual record that aids in identifying individuals accurately.

Prevention: The existence of a mugshot deters repeat offenses by increasing the likelihood of recognition and apprehension.

Transparency: They demonstrate law enforcement’s accountability and efforts to uphold justice.

Mugshot Sample

Legal Context

The Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015, highlights procedures for recording suspects’ details:

  • Section 15(1) mandates that law enforcement agencies record:
    • Full name, height, and occupation.
    • Photographs and fingerprint impressions for identification purposes.

However, these provisions are often disregarded, leaving loopholes for corruption and abuse.

Key Loopholes and Abuses

  • Lack of Standardised Digital Records: Cases are frequently mishandled with no centralised digital database for cross-referencing or accountability.
  • Misuse of Mugshots: Publicising mugshots without proper legal justification can harm reputations, especially for individuals later found innocent.
  • Corruption in Law Enforcement: Criminals with resources can evade justice, while records of their crimes are erased or altered.

As Nigerians, we cannot wait for the government to act while injustice festers. If we don’t act, posterity will suffer the consequences. Here’s what we can do:

Change

Support Legislative Change

1. Join petitions urging the National Assembly to mandate mugshot and fingerprint records for all suspects.
2. Advocate for laws that criminalise swapping of identities and falsification of records.
Change

Promote Digital Transformation

1. Support initiatives to digitalise police record-keeping using speech-to-text technologies and electronic filing systems.

2. Contribute to fundraising campaigns for ICT equipment in local police stations.
Change

Awareness Campaigns

1. Join marches and advocacy groups at state and local levels to push for enforcement of record-keeping laws.
2. Use social media to share stories, data, and the importance of a functional criminal justice system.
Change

State Police

1. Support the establishment of state police forces with accountability mechanisms to ensure proper implementation of laws.

Conclusion

It’s time to break the cycle of injustice perpetuated by an outdated and corrupt system. Every Nigerian deserves a justice system that ensures fairness and protects innocent lives. By enforcing the proper use of mugshots and biometric records, we can strengthen accountability, deter crime, and protect the innocent.